The BID
Learning
Network

Jan 1, 2002

Immunization in Developing Countries : Its Political and Organizational Determinants

Subjects: EPI Plan
Countries: Global

The authors use cross-national social, political, economic, and institutional data to explain why some countries have stronger immunization programs than others, as measured by diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and measles vaccine coverage rates and the adoption of the hepatitis B vaccine. After reveiwing the existing literature on demand- and supply-side side factors that affect immunization programs, the authors find that the elements that most affect immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries involve broad changes in the global policy environment and contact with international agencies. Democracies tend to have lower coverage rates than autocracies, perhaps because bureaucratic elites have an affinity for immunization programs and are granted more autonomy in autocracies, althought this effect is not visible in low-income countries. The authors also find that the quality of a nation's institutions and its level of development are strongly related to immunization rate coverage and vaccine adoption, and that coverage rates are in general more a function of supply-side than demand effects. there is no evidence that epidemics or polio eradication campaigns affect immunization rates one way or another, or that average immunization rates increase following outbreaks of diphtheria, pertussis, or measles.

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Jan 1, 1970

2012 ITU Measuring the Information Society 2012

Subjects: Telecommunications
Countries: Global

This annual report draws on innovative and authoritative benchmarking tools developed by ITU to monitor information-society developments worldwide as well as to provide valuable information for use in formulating evidencebased policies and in effective peer learning. It presents the ICT Development Index (IDI), which ranks countries’ performance with regard to ICT infrastructure and uptake, and the ICT Price Basket (IPB), a unique metric that tracks and compares the cost and affordability of ICT services.

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Jan 1, 1970

JSI ARISE Notes from the field

Subjects: GVAP (Global Vaccine Action Plan), Unicef, WHO
Countries: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana

  In 2009, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation created the ARISE project, managed by JSI, to assemble the evidence on what drives improvements in RI performance in Africa. To amass such evidence, ARISE conducted in-depth, mixed methods comparative case studies in Cameroon, Ethiopia, and Ghana. It employed an assets-based approach to identify common drivers of improvements in RI performance at the district level, describe the pathways by which they improve coverage, and identify contextual factors affecting performance.

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Jan 1, 1970

WHO eHealth Country Profile:Congo

Subjects: eHealth, eHealth Plan, WHO
Countries: Congo

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Jan 1, 1970

Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: systematic review and recommendations.

Subjects: Standards
Countries: Global

This article summarizes an extensive literature review addressing the question, How can we spread and sustain innovations in health service delivery and organization? It considers both content (defining and measuring the diffusion of innovation in organizations) and process (reviewing the literature in a systematic and reproducible way). This article discusses (1) a parsimonious and evidence-based model for considering the diffusion of innovations in health service organizations, (2) clear knowledge gaps where further research should be focused, and (3) a robust and transferable methodology for systematically reviewing health service policy and management. Both the model and the method should be tested more widely in a range of contexts.

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